Politician, academic and businessman. He led the Progressive Federal Party (PFP), a small opposition party in the white apartheid parliament but resigned in 1986, convinced that that parliament could not contribute to resolving the country’s problems, and co-founded the Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa (IDASA) together with Alex Boraine. He helped facilitate a meeting in Dakar in 1987 between the ANC and leading (mainly Afrikaner) politicians, academics and businessmen.