Civil servant and academic. Professor of political studies at the University of the Orange Free State, 1978. Head of South Africa’s Intelligence Service, 1980–92. Held clandestine meetings with Mandela in prison in preparation for his subsequent release and rise to political power. This included facilitating meetings between Mandela and Presidents P.W. Botha and, later, F.W. de Klerk. Director-general Western Cape Provincial Administration, 1996 to 2001.